Construction – Lesson 1
  1. Blueprint – A detailed technical drawing or plan used in construction. (The architect studied the blueprint before finalizing the design.)

  2. Scaffold – A temporary structure used to support workers and materials during construction. (The painters used a scaffold to reach the upper floors.)

  3. Foundation – The base or groundwork of a building. (A strong foundation ensures a stable structure.)

  4. Excavation – The process of digging or removing earth to prepare for construction. (Excavation of the site began last week.)

  5. Reinforcement – Strengthening materials like steel bars used in construction. (Concrete structures need reinforcement for durability.)

  6. Load-bearing wall – A wall that supports weight from above. (The engineer confirmed that the load-bearing wall couldn’t be removed.)

  7. Facade – The front exterior of a building. (The glass facade gave the building a modern look.)

  8. Insulation – Material used to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping. (Proper insulation reduces energy costs.)

  9. Truss – A framework used to support roofs and bridges. (The wooden truss was installed last.)

  10. Mortar – A paste used to bind bricks or stones. (The workers mixed mortar for the bricklaying.)

  11. Plumbing – The system of pipes in a building for water supply and waste removal. (The plumber checked the plumbing for leaks.)

  12. Concrete – A building material made of cement, water, sand, and gravel. (The driveway was poured with fresh concrete.)

  13. Demolition – The act of tearing down a building or structure. (The old building is scheduled for demolition next month.)

  14. Beam – A horizontal structural element that supports weight. (The steel beams support the entire structure.)

  15. Surveying – The process of measuring land and mapping construction sites. (Surveying is crucial before any large project begins.)